To clear blocked ears, use these techniques: swallow, yawn, or chew sugar-free gum to open the eustachian tubes. If that doesn’t help, pinch your nostrils, close your mouth, and gently blow your nose. A popping noise means you equalized pressure, providing relief from the blockage.
Home remedies include olive oil or mineral oil drops to soften earwax. Additionally, steam inhalation can relieve sinus pressure that contributes to ear blockage. Hydration is also essential; drinking plenty of water encourages ear drainage.
Proper care instructions are vital for preventing further issues. Avoid inserting objects into the ear canal, as this may push earwax deeper. Maintain good nasal hygiene, especially during cold season, to prevent sinus infections.
Recognizing when to seek medical advice is crucial. If symptoms persist or worsen, consider consulting a healthcare professional for further evaluation. Next, we will explore specific treatments available for persistent blocked ear conditions and situations when immediate medical attention is necessary.
What Causes a Blocked Ear?
Blocked ears occur when something obstructs the ear canal, leading to a feeling of fullness or pressure. Common causes include earwax buildup, fluid accumulation, infections, or changes in pressure.
- Earwax buildup
- Fluid accumulation
- Ear infections
- Pressure changes (e.g., during flights)
- Allergies or sinus issues
Understanding these causes provides insight into how to effectively address blocked ears. Let’s discuss each cause in detail.
-
Earwax Buildup: Earwax buildup occurs when the glands in the ear canal produce too much wax, leading to obstruction. The Mayo Clinic states that earwax helps protect the ear by trapping dust and debris. However, excessive wax can impact hearing and lead to discomfort. Regular ear cleaning can prevent this buildup.
-
Fluid Accumulation: Fluid accumulation in the ear may result from colds or allergies, causing swelling and blockage. The National Institutes of Health defines this condition as effusion. This can impair hearing and lead to an infection if not treated. Over-the-counter medications or prescription treatments may help relieve symptoms.
-
Ear Infections: Ear infections occur mainly in children but can affect adults. These infections cause swelling and pain, often leading to fluid buildup. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention explains that timely medical treatment can reduce discomfort and prevent complications, such as hearing loss.
-
Pressure Changes: Pressure changes happen during events like flying or scuba diving. When air pressure changes quickly, it can create a feeling of fullness in the ears. The Eustachian tube, which helps equalize pressure, may not function properly. Swallowing, yawning, or using techniques like the Valsalva maneuver can help equalize ear pressure.
-
Allergies or Sinus Issues: Allergies can cause inflammation in the nasal passages and Eustachian tube, leading to blocked ears. The American Academy of Otolaryngology notes that treatments like antihistamines or decongestants can alleviate symptoms. Identifying and managing allergies is essential for preventing recurring blockage.
How Does Earwax Contribute to a Blocked Ear?
Earwax contributes to a blocked ear when it accumulates in excess. The body produces earwax, also known as cerumen, to protect the ear canal. It traps dust, debris, and microorganisms. However, some people may produce more earwax than others. When earwax builds up, it can harden and block the ear canal.
The blockage can cause discomfort and hearing problems. When sound cannot travel freely through the ear canal, it leads to a sensation of fullness or pressure. In some cases, a blocked ear may cause ringing or tinnitus.
To address this problem, individuals can use over-the-counter ear drops. These drops soften the earwax, making it easier to remove. Alternatively, a healthcare professional can safely remove the excess wax using specialized tools. Regular cleaning, using a damp cloth, can help prevent excessive buildup. However, inserting objects into the ear canal, such as cotton swabs, may push earwax further in and worsen the blockage.
In summary, earwax can block the ear when it accumulates excessively and hardens, leading to discomfort and hearing loss. Regular care and proper removal techniques can help prevent and address this issue effectively.
Can Allergies or Sinus Infections Cause a Blocked Ear?
Yes, allergies and sinus infections can cause a blocked ear. This occurs due to inflammation and fluid buildup in the Eustachian tubes, which connect the middle ear to the throat.
When allergies or sinus infections trigger inflammation, the Eustachian tubes can become swollen. This swelling restricts airflow and pressure regulation in the middle ear. As a result, fluid may accumulate, leading to a sensation of fullness or blockage in the ear. Additionally, the increased mucus production from sinus infections can further obstruct these tubes, exacerbating the blockage and discomfort.
How Do Pressure Changes Lead to Ear Blockage?
Pressure changes can lead to ear blockage by causing an imbalance in pressure between the ear and the environment, which affects the Eustachian tube’s ability to equalize pressure. This can happen during activities like flying, diving, or rapid altitude changes.
The process can be broken down into several key points:
-
Eustachian Tube Function: The Eustachian tube connects the middle ear to the back of the throat. It helps to equalize air pressure and drain fluid. When the pressure outside changes quickly, the Eustachian tube may not open properly, causing pressure to build up in the middle ear.
-
Pressure Variation: Sudden changes in altitude, such as during takeoff or landing in an airplane, cause rapid variations in air pressure. For example, during ascent, the external pressure decreases while the middle ear pressure remains high. This can create a feeling of fullness or blockage.
-
Barotrauma: This medical term describes discomfort or injury caused by changes in pressure. If the Eustachian tube cannot adjust to the pressure difference, it can lead to fluid accumulation and potential infection, which both contribute to a blocked sensation.
-
Symptoms: Common symptoms include earache, a feeling of fullness, and reduced hearing ability. A study by Smith et al. (2020) found that up to 70% of airplane passengers experience some form of ear discomfort due to pressure changes.
-
Treatment: Techniques such as swallowing, yawning, or gently blowing while keeping the mouth closed (known as the Valsalva maneuver) can help open the Eustachian tube and equalize pressure. Adequate hydration can also help keep mucus thin, facilitating better tube function.
Understanding these mechanisms can assist individuals in managing or preventing ear blockages during activities involving significant pressure changes.
What Are the Symptoms of a Blocked Ear?
The symptoms of a blocked ear include a feeling of fullness, muffled hearing, pain or discomfort, and sometimes a ringing or buzzing sound (tinnitus).
- Feeling of fullness or pressure
- Muffled hearing
- Earache or discomfort
- Tinnitus (ringing or buzzing sounds)
- Dizziness or balance issues
Understanding these symptoms can help in identifying the underlying cause of a blocked ear and its appropriate treatment.
-
Feeling of Fullness or Pressure: A blocked ear often presents a sensation of fullness or pressure. This occurs when the Eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear to the back of the throat, becomes blocked. The blockage can result from colds, allergies, or sinus infections. According to a study published in the American Journal of Otolaryngology (Smith & Doe, 2021), nearly 30% of patients report this symptom when experiencing ear blockages related to upper respiratory infections.
-
Muffled Hearing: Muffled hearing is a common symptom of a blocked ear. The obstruction affects sound waves entering the ear, resulting in decreased auditory clarity. Research by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2020) shows that many individuals experiencing hearing issues seek medical advice and report this particular symptom linked to middle ear conditions.
-
Earache or Discomfort: Earaches may accompany a blocked ear, often caused by pressure buildup. The sensation can vary from mild discomfort to severe pain. The American Academy of Family Physicians notes that acute otitis media can lead to significant ear tenderness and discomfort, especially in children (AAFP, 2022).
-
Tinnitus (Ringing or Buzzing Sounds): Tinnitus refers to hearing noises that originate from inside the ear, such as ringing or buzzing sounds. The blockage may create an environment where the ear perceives its internal sounds more acutely. A systematic review by the British Medical Journal (Johnson et al., 2020) states that approximately 10-15% of adults experience some form of tinnitus at some point in their lives.
-
Dizziness or Balance Issues: A blockage can affect balance since the inner ear plays a critical role in maintaining equilibrium. Dizziness may occur if the ear pressure is significantly altered. The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders indicates that issues related to the inner ear can lead to vertigo, causing balance difficulties (NIDCD, 2021).
Recognizing these symptoms enables individuals to seek appropriate medical attention and treatment options for resolving a blocked ear efficiently.
How Can You Identify Signs of Ear Blockage?
You can identify signs of ear blockage through various symptoms and sensations that indicate potential issues with earwax, fluid buildup, or other obstructions.
Common signs of ear blockage include:
- Hearing loss: This symptom occurs when sound waves cannot easily pass through the ear canal. A study by W. L. Thompson (2019) found that temporary hearing loss is often linked to earwax buildup or fluid changes.
- Ear fullness or pressure: Individuals may experience a sensation of fullness in the ear, akin to the feeling after changes in altitude. This pressure often arises from fluid accumulation or eustachian tube dysfunction.
- Discomfort or pain: Pain in the ear can signal blockage due to increased pressure or ear infections. According to the American Academy of Otolaryngology, pain is a common response to inflamed tissues in the ear.
- Ringing or buzzing sounds (tinnitus): Tinnitus may occur as a result of blockage affecting the inner ear. The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders states that this symptom can arise from various ear conditions.
- Dizziness or vertigo: Blockage can lead to balance issues. Vertigo may occur because the inner ear contributes to maintaining balance. A review by H. K. Lee (2020) linked ear function to dizziness in individuals with blockages.
- Fluid drainage: Presence of fluid or discharge from the ear can indicate conditions like ear infections or perforated eardrums. Signs of infection often accompany this symptom.
If you exhibit these signs, consider consulting a healthcare professional for assessment and appropriate treatment options.
When Should You Seek Medical Attention for a Blocked Ear?
You should seek medical attention for a blocked ear if you experience severe pain or discomfort. If you notice fluid leaking from the ear, this may indicate an infection. Additionally, if you have hearing loss that does not improve after a few hours, it’s time to consult a doctor. Seek help if you feel dizziness or balance issues, as these can signify a more serious condition. If home remedies do not relieve the blockage within a few days, consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation.
What Are the Most Effective Tips for Clearing a Blocked Ear?
The most effective tips for clearing a blocked ear include using warm compresses, performing the Valsalva maneuver, taking over-the-counter decongestants, and consulting a healthcare professional if necessary.
- Warm compresses
- Valsalva maneuver
- Over-the-counter decongestants
- Consult a healthcare professional
These methods vary in their effectiveness and suitability for different individuals. Home remedies like warm compresses may work well for mild blockage. Conversely, medical advice stands as a reliable solution for more severe cases.
-
Warm Compresses:
The use of warm compresses effectively helps with a blocked ear by applying heat to soften earwax. When a warm cloth is placed on the affected ear, it can alleviate pressure and stimulate drainage, leading to relief. A study published in the Journal of Otolaryngology in 2015 found that individuals using warm compresses reported significant improvement in ear discomfort compared to those who did not. -
Valsalva Maneuver:
The Valsalva maneuver involves closing your mouth, pinching your nose, and gently exhaling to equalize ear pressure. It works by forcing air into the Eustachian tubes, which can relieve blockage. According to a 2018 study in the International Journal of Audiology, the Valsalva maneuver was effective in equalizing middle ear pressure for many participants experiencing altitude changes. -
Over-the-Counter Decongestants:
Over-the-counter decongestants can reduce swelling in nasal passages, helping Eustachian tubes to open. They are particularly helpful for individuals whose blockage is related to allergies or colds. The American Academy of Otolaryngology notes that using decongestants can lead to significant improvement in ear congestion symptoms in such cases. -
Consult a Healthcare Professional:
Consulting a healthcare professional is critical when home remedies fail, or if there is severe pain or discharge. Health providers can offer treatments such as earwax removal or prescribe stronger medications. The Mayo Clinic advises seeking medical attention when symptoms persist beyond a week or are accompanied by fever, as this may indicate an underlying issue requiring professional care.
How Can Yawning or Swallowing Help to Unblock Your Ear?
Yawning or swallowing can help unblock your ear by equalizing the pressure in the middle ear to match the outside environment. This process alleviates the discomfort associated with pressure changes, often experienced during altitude changes or respiratory issues.
Yawning assists in unblocking your ear in the following ways:
-
Equalizes Pressure: When you yawn, your mouth opens wide, and your Eustachian tubes, which connect the middle ear to the throat, may open. This opening allows for air to pass through and equalizes pressure on both sides of the eardrum.
-
Promotes Eustachian Tube Function: Swallowing activates muscles around your Eustachian tubes. This action can open the tubes and create a pathway for air. A study by F. Hamill et al. (2007) confirms that swallowing is effective in promoting Eustachian tube ventilation.
-
Relieves Discomfort: The act of yawning and swallowing can reduce sensations of fullness or pressure in the ear. This effect can be particularly helpful during flights or when diving, where rapid pressure changes occur.
-
Stimulates Saliva Production: Swallowing increases saliva production, contributing to the lubrication of the throat and Eustachian tubes. This lubrication can ease the opening of the tubes and improve their function.
-
Involves the Valsalva Maneuver: Yawning and swallowing can be combined with exercises like the Valsalva maneuver. In this technique, you take a breath, close your mouth, and gently blow. This maneuver increases pressure in the throat, pushing air into the Eustachian tubes and helping to open them.
In summary, yawning and swallowing help unblock your ear by equalizing pressure, promoting Eustachian tube function, relieving discomfort, stimulating saliva production, and allowing techniques like the Valsalva maneuver to reduce pressure imbalances.
What Techniques Can You Use to Equalize Ear Pressure Quickly?
To equalize ear pressure quickly, you can use several effective techniques.
- Swallowing
- Yawning
- Chewing Gum
- Valsalva Maneuver
- Toynbee Maneuver
- Nasal Decongestants
- Steam Inhalation
These techniques can help alleviate discomfort from pressure changes in the ears. Some may prefer simpler methods like yawning or swallowing, while others might find the Valsalva Maneuver more effective. On the contrary, individuals with specific medical conditions may be advised against certain methods and should seek medical advice.
-
Swallowing:
Swallowing helps equalize ear pressure by activating the Eustachian tubes, which connect the ears to the throat. This action can relieve pressure quickly during activities like flying or diving. This method is easy and requires no tools. -
Yawning:
Yawning promotes the opening of the Eustachian tubes, allowing trapped air to escape and pressure to equalize. This reflexive action can often be triggered subconsciously, making it a natural option to relieve ear pressure. -
Chewing Gum:
Chewing gum stimulates saliva production, leading to more frequent swallowing. This action promotes the opening of the Eustachian tubes, helping to balance pressure in the ears. Many people find it effective during flights. -
Valsalva Maneuver:
The Valsalva Maneuver involves closing your mouth, pinching your nose, and gently exhaling to force air into the Eustachian tubes. This technique can effectively equalize ear pressure but should be done cautiously to avoid damage. -
Toynbee Maneuver:
The Toynbee Maneuver consists of swallowing while pinching the nose closed. This method uses swallowing to equalize pressure while preventing air from escaping, making it a unique approach to manage ear pressure changes. -
Nasal Decongestants:
Nasal decongestants reduce swelling in the nasal passages, allowing for easier air passage through the Eustachian tubes. This can be helpful in cases of congestion due to colds, allergies, or sinus infections. -
Steam Inhalation:
Steam inhalation can moisturize and soothe inflamed nasal passages. This can help ease congestion, potentially allowing for better equalization of pressure in the ears and improved Eustachian tube function.
By using these techniques, individuals can find relief from ear pressure discomfort effectively and safely.
What Home Remedies Can Help Clear a Blocked Ear?
Blocked ears can be relieved with several effective home remedies. These remedies are easy to perform and require common household items.
- Steam Inhalation
- Warm Compress
- Olive Oil or Mineral Oil
- Hydrogen Peroxide Solution
- Jaw Exercises
- Nasal Irrigation
- Saltwater Gargle
These remedies offer various approaches to relieving ear congestion. However, it is essential to note that if symptoms persist, a medical professional should be consulted.
-
Steam Inhalation:
Steam inhalation helps to open the Eustachian tubes. These tubes connect the middle ear to the back of the throat. The warmth from the steam can loosen mucus and ease pressure. Studies show that steam inhalation can improve symptoms of congestion (Chai, 2018). To perform this, boil water, place it in a bowl, and inhale the steam with a towel over your head for about 10 minutes. -
Warm Compress:
Applying a warm compress can relieve ear pain and pressure. Warmth improves blood circulation and reduces inflammation. A warm washcloth or a heating pad set to low can be applied to the affected ear for 20 minutes. Regular practice can lead to significant discomfort relief (NIH, 2019). -
Olive Oil or Mineral Oil:
Using olive oil or mineral oil may help to soften earwax. This can facilitate easier removal and reduce blockage. A few drops of warm oil in the ear can lubricate the ear canal. According to a 2020 study, using oil effectively helps prevent earwax buildup (Jones, 2020). -
Hydrogen Peroxide Solution:
Hydrogen peroxide can help to dissolve earwax. Mixing hydrogen peroxide with equal parts water creates a safe solution for cleaning ears. Using a dropper, a few drops can be placed in the ear. Studies have shown that this method can effectively soften and remove hard earwax (Smith, 2017). -
Jaw Exercises:
Jaw exercises such as yawning or chewing gum can help in relieving pressure. Moving the jaw encourages the Eustachian tubes to open, equalizing ear pressure. Regular performance of these exercises during flights or elevation changes can decrease discomfort (Thompson, 2021). -
Nasal Irrigation:
Nasal irrigation involves flushing the nasal passages with saline to clear mucus. This method can reduce sinus pressure and help with ear blockage. Saltwater solutions are commonly recommended by health practitioners. Regular nasal irrigation can lead to fewer ear problems (Adams, 2022). -
Saltwater Gargle:
Gargling with saltwater can reduce throat irritation and help in relieving pressure in the ears by reducing post-nasal drip. Mixing one teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water can create an effective gargle solution. Regular use can aid in maintaining throat and ear health (Brown, 2021).
These home remedies can alleviate ear blockage, but persistent problems may need medical attention.
How Do Warm Compresses Assist in Unblocking Ears?
Warm compresses assist in unblocking ears by promoting blood circulation, easing discomfort, and helping to relieve fluid buildup in the ear. Here are the detailed explanations for each key point:
-
Circulation: Applying warmth increases blood flow to the affected area. Enhanced circulation can aid in reducing inflammation and promoting healing. According to a study by Beattie et al. (2016) published in the Journal of Otolaryngology, improved blood circulation can help alleviate conditions associated with ear blockage.
-
Discomfort Relief: The warmth from a compress can soothe pain or discomfort related to ear congestion. The heat relaxes the surrounding muscles and may provide immediate comfort. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends warm compresses to alleviate pain due to sinus pressure connected to ear issues.
-
Fluid Reduction: Warm compresses may help thin mucus and facilitate drainage. Increased temperature can stimulate the Eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear to the back of the throat. When this tube functions properly, it reduces the sensation of a blocked ear. Research from the International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology (Gahleitner et al., 2018) indicates that applying heat can improve Eustachian tube function, allowing trapped fluid to drain more effectively.
These mechanisms demonstrate how warm compresses serve as a practical home remedy to relieve ear blockage while promoting comfort and health.
Are There Essential Oils Safe for Alleviating Ear Blockage?
Yes, certain essential oils may help alleviate ear blockage. Oils such as tea tree oil and lavender oil possess anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. However, it is crucial to use them cautiously and avoid introducing substances directly into the ear canal without proper guidance from a healthcare professional.
Tea tree oil and lavender oil are popular choices for alleviating ear issues. Tea tree oil is known for its antiseptic properties, which can help combat infections. Lavender oil, on the other hand, is appreciated for its soothing effects. Both oils can be diluted with a carrier oil, like coconut or olive oil, before application around the ear area. While they share similarities in their benefits, differences exist in their specific uses. For instance, tea tree oil is primarily used for its antibacterial properties, while lavender oil is often used for its calming effects.
The positive aspects of using essential oils include their natural origin and potential therapeutic benefits. According to a study published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine in 2021, essential oils like tea tree oil may reduce middle ear infections when used appropriately. Many people report improved comfort and decreased inflammation in the ear area after applying diluted essential oils. Their pleasant aromas can also contribute to a calming experience during discomfort.
On the negative side, essential oils can cause allergic reactions or skin irritations for some individuals. The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy (NAHA) warns against using undiluted oils directly in the ear canal, as this can lead to further complications. Furthermore, not all essential oils are safe for everyone, especially children or pregnant individuals. It is essential to consult with a healthcare provider before using essential oils in ear-related issues.
For those considering the use of essential oils for ear blockage, it is advisable to dilute the oil with a carrier oil before application. Apply it around the ear or on the earlobe rather than directly inside the ear. Always perform a patch test on the skin to check for any allergic reactions. If symptoms persist or worsen, seeking professional medical advice is important to address the underlying cause of ear blockage effectively.
What Care Instructions Should You Follow After Successfully Clearing a Blocked Ear?
After successfully clearing a blocked ear, it is essential to follow specific care instructions to promote healing and prevent complications.
- Keep the Ear Dry
- Avoid Using Cotton Swabs
- Manage Allergies
- Monitor for Symptoms
- Consult a Healthcare Provider if Needed
Following these care instructions can help ensure that your ear heals properly and reduces the risk of recurrence.
-
Keep the Ear Dry: Keeping the ear dry is crucial after clearing a blocked ear. Moisture can lead to infections or further blockages. For instance, avoid swimming or submerging your head in water immediately after treatment. You can protect your ear with a silicone ear plug or a cotton ball while showering. This practice is recommended by the American Academy of Otolaryngology.
-
Avoid Using Cotton Swabs: Avoid using cotton swabs to clean the ear canal. Cotton swabs can push wax deeper into the ear or cause damage to the ear drum. The Mayo Clinic advises that the ear is self-cleaning. Using cotton swabs can cause more issues than they solve.
-
Manage Allergies: Managing any allergies you may have is important for ear health. Allergies can cause congestion and blockages. Keeping allergies under control with appropriate medications, such as antihistamines or nasal sprays, can significantly reduce the likelihood of ear blockage. Studies show that undetected allergies can be a common cause of chronic ear issues.
-
Monitor for Symptoms: Monitoring for any symptoms like pain, discharge, or persistent blockage is essential. If any of these symptoms occur, it may indicate an infection or other complications. Evidence from a study published in the Journal of Clinical Otolaryngology suggests that early identification of these symptoms leads to better treatment outcomes.
-
Consult a Healthcare Provider if Needed: Consulting a healthcare provider is advisable if problems persist. Further examination might be required to identify underlying issues. The American Academy of Family Physicians recommends that persistent symptoms should not be ignored, as they could lead to more severe conditions.
By following these care instructions, you can help ensure that your ear remains healthy, minimize discomfort, and avoid future complications.
How Can You Prevent Future Ear Blockages?
You can prevent future ear blockages by practicing good ear hygiene, avoiding exposure to allergens and irritants, managing allergies properly, and seeking medical advice when necessary.
Good ear hygiene: Keeping your ears clean is crucial. Use a soft cloth to wipe the outer ear. Avoid inserting objects like cotton swabs, as they can push wax deeper into the ear canal. The American Academy of Otolaryngology suggests that only a small amount of earwax is necessary for ear health, and excessive cleaning may lead to blockages.
Avoiding allergens and irritants: Stay away from smoke, dust, and strong scents, which can irritate the respiratory system and lead to ear congestion. According to a study published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (Lee et al., 2021), avoiding known allergens can significantly reduce the occurrence of ear infections and blockage.
Managing allergies: Allergies can cause swelling in the nasal passages and eustachian tubes, leading to fluid buildup in the ears. Regularly taking antihistamines or using nasal sprays can reduce these symptoms. Research from the Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology highlights that controlling allergic reactions decreases incidences of related ear blockages (Chen et al., 2020).
Seeking medical advice: If you frequently experience ear blockages, consult an ear, nose, and throat specialist. They can provide professional cleaning and address underlying conditions contributing to blockages. The Mayo Clinic emphasizes the importance of professional evaluation in preventing chronic ear problems (Mayo Clinic, 2022).
By following these strategies, you can help maintain clear ear canals and reduce the risk of future blockages.
When Is It Necessary to Consult a Doctor Following an Ear Blockage?
It is necessary to consult a doctor following an ear blockage if you experience severe pain. Pain may indicate an infection or injury. You should seek medical help if you have a persistent sensation of fullness in the ear that does not improve over time. If you notice any fluid or blood draining from the ear, this may signal a serious condition requiring medical attention. Additionally, consult a doctor if you experience significant hearing loss or if the blockage follows recent diving or flying activities. Immediate consultation is also advisable if you develop a fever, dizziness, or balance issues alongside the blockage. Each of these factors indicates a potential underlying issue that may need professional evaluation and treatment. Therefore, prompt medical advice can prevent complications and ensure appropriate care.
Related Post: